Since Carbon Bonding has four valence electrons, to fill its outer energy level, carbon requires four more electrons. ... Carbon shares four pairs of electrons by forming four covalent bonds, thus satisfying its outer energy level. With other carbon atoms or with the atoms of other elements, a carbon atom may form bonds.
The hydrocarbon, in which all its carbon-carbon bonds are single, is a saturated hydrocarbon. ... An unsaturated hydrocarbon, however, is one in which it is possible to double or triple certain carbon-carbon bonds. Alkenes such as ethene have double bonds, for example, whereas alkynes such as ethyne have triple bonds.
