Answer:Environmental Effects and Tradeoffs of Biofuels
Environmental Effects and Tradeoffs of BiofuelsPetroleum extraction, transport, refining, and combustion have many known negative environmental effects, including disruption of sensitive ecological habitats and high greenhouse-gas (GHG) emissions. Biofuels, too, have their environmental costs (NRC, 2003, 2010a), but displacing petroleum-based fuels with biofuels can reduce the nation’s dependence on imported oil and potentially reduce overall environmental harm (Robertson et al., 2008). Each stage in a biofuel’s life cycle uses nonrenewable resources and generates emissions that affect land, air, and water. Hence, the environmental benefits and negative effects over the life cycle of petroleum-based fuels and biofuels would have to be compared against each other so that policymakers can decide which tradeoffs are acceptable.
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