develop students mathematical-logical skills. One approach that continues to be widely used
Many forms of instruction both traditional and alternative, have been introduced to
effectiveness (Jacw. Hegseth & Toby. 2015. Powell, 2014). there remains a dearth of
in Asia is Singapore Math. Though many studies have attempted to substantiate its
empirical studies that have investigated the effectiveness of Singapore Math in the
Philippines As Corpuz (2015) argued, there is a need to conduct more studies on approaches
that will help Filipino students become equipped with the necessary mathematical skills which
are on a par with their ASEAN counterparts. Following that suggestion, this study investigated
1
the effects of Singapore Mahil schools valenhet Penilepimesthematical-logical skils of Filipino
1. What is the current state issue of the field?
2. What conventional practice(s) were mentioned in addressing the issue?
3. What was the established research gap?
4. How did the present study address the research gap?

English literature has sometimes been stigmatized as insular. It can be argued that no single English novel attains the universality of the Russian writer Leo Tolstoy’s War and Peace or the French writer Gustave Flaubert’s Madame Bovary. Yet in the Middle Ages the Old English literature of the subjugated Saxons was leavened by the Latin and Anglo-Norman writings, eminently foreign in origin, in which the churchmen and the Norman conquerors expressed themselves. From this combination emerged a flexible and subtle linguistic instrument exploited by Geoffrey Chaucer and brought to supreme application by William Shakespeare. During the Renaissance the renewed interest in Classical learning and values had an important effect on English literature, as on all the arts;