why do we need to know the planning consideration

Planning literature suggests considerations that should form part of environmentally conscious river basin planning. They will serve to orient both the formulation and evaluation of alternative projects and programs which meet the objectives of development while maintaining environmental stability and productivity.

· Environmental objective

The reason for including an environmental quality objective is that environmental quality then becomes an integral part of the whole planning process to be treated at each of the planning stages. Further, it helps to insure that each member of the planning team has concern for environmental quality when formulating and evaluating strategies and projects.

The legal basis for explicitly stating environmental quality as a developmental objective varies among countries. In most places, however, laws exist that provide the legal basis for incorporating environmental protection as a developmental objective. Laws governing land use, management of natural resources, environmental quality, and public health provide this basis.

One example is the General Water Law of Peru (Government of Peru, 1969) which declares that all waters within Peru's territory are the property of the State and that the Government, through its Water Administration, will formulate the general policies for water use and development, and plan and administer its conservation, preservation, and rational use. Title II of this Law gives the Water Administration power to dictate and apply the necessary means to avoid the loss of water regardless of reason. Furthermore, each water user is obligated not to impair the use of water by others. The law prohibits any discharge which could contaminate the water to the degree that it endangers human health or the normal development of the fauna or flora.

Likewise, the legislation which created the Venezuelan Ministry of the Environment and Renewable Natural Resources has as its first objective the establishment of principles for the conservation, protection, and improvement of the environment of Venezuela (Government of Venezuela, 1976). And, the stated policy of the Ministry is to "... give primary attention to the participation of the State in the planning, administration and use of the renewable natural resources, in order to contribute to the conservation, defense and improvement of the human environment in Venezuela" (MARNR, 1977).

International agreements and conventions also exist which should help orient the planning objectives of individual countries and those international agencies that respond to requests for assistance in planning. One such instrument is the 1940 Convention on Nature Protection and Wildlife Preservation in the Western Hemisphere. Most of the member states of the OAS have signed and/or ratified this Convention which commits them to take steps for managing and conserving their flora and fauna. In Resolution 218, the sixth regular session of the General Assembly of the OAS (1976) urged "... the implementation of the Convention by the member states through National Cooperation in activities such as scientific research and technical cooperation and assistance to wild flora and fauna,... (and) the adoption of measures to conserve wild flora and fauna and to protect species which are in danger of extinction.

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