4. Each nucleotide, in turn, is made up v7of a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar, and a phosphate.
5. Examples of Nucleic Acids
- deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
- ribonucleic acid (RNA)
- messenger RNA (mRNA)
- transfer RNA (tRNA)
- ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
6. The main role of DNA in the cell is the long-term storage of information. This backbone carries four types of molecules called bases and it is the sequence of these four bases that encodes information. The major function of DNA is to encode the sequence of amino acid residues in proteins, using the genetic code.
7. Messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules carry the coding sequences for protein synthesis and are called transcripts; ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecules form the core of a cell's ribosomes (the structures in which protein synthesis takes place); and transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules carry amino acids to the ribosomes during protein
8. Three of the four nitrogenous bases that make up RNA — adenine (A), cytosine (C), and guanine (G) — are also found in DNA. In RNA, however, a base called uracil (U) replaces thymine (T) as the complementary nucleotide to adenine (Figure 3). ... (Remember, DNA is almost always in a double-stranded helical form.)
9. Both DNA and RNA have four nitrogenous bases each—three of which they share (Cytosine, Adenine, and Guanine)
10. RNA contains the sugar ribose, while DNA contains the slightly different sugar deoxyribose (a type of ribose that lacks one oxygen atom), and (b) RNA has the nucleobase uracil while DNA contains thymine.
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