Sagot :
Answer:
1. NOMINATION
collaboratively and productively establish a topic
Introducing a topic
Examples: Have you noticed the weird weather lately? Is this because of global warming?
2. RESTRICTION
limitation you may have as a speaker
Limiting the topic or scope of discussion.
Giving the listener a limited set of categories that is made by the speaker.
Example: That arrest move was a disaster waiting to happen. Do you agree?
3. TURN-TAKING
process by which people decide who takes the conversational floor
A strategy that someone uses in order to smoothly come in a certain situation/conversation. It requires that a speaker speaks only when it is already his turn during an interaction.
Example: I agree with the point just made. But may I add that OFWs would rather be home and work here so they could be with their families.
4. TOPIC CONTROL
covers how procedural formality or informality affects the development of topic in conversations
This strategy maintains the focus in a certain topic of discussion. It is also a question and answer formula that moves the discussion forward
Example: How often does that happen to you?
5. TOPIC SHIFTING
involves moving from one topic to another
It should be remembered that the shifting should be done with respect and proper transitions.
Example: This is a battle with corporations that continue to pollute the environment. But this is also a battle with a man himself, who continues to act as if there is another Earth we can move to once this Earth dies.
6. REPAIR COMMUNICATIVE STRATEGY
refers to how speakers address the problems in speaking, listening and comprehending that they may encounter in a conversation.
This strategy includes requesting clarification, not acknowledging, topic shifting, not responding, repeating, recasting, and adding.
By not acknowledging the new situation the situation already in progress will continue.
Topic shifting can help direct the discussion to another topic or divert the attention of the listener from the topic that has become problematic.
Repeating is a good way of correcting oneself and gives the speaker the time to do just that.
Recasting means changing the form of a message that could not be understood in another way so that the listener can understand what was originally incomprehensible.
7. TERMINATION
refers to the conversation participants’ close-initiating expressions that end a topic in a conversation.
Example: See you later.
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