4. CONDUCT AN EXPERIMENT OR TEST THE HYPOTHESIS We made a prediction that ice will melt faster in juice than in water, and now we must test our hypothesis. We set up an experiment with a glass of juice, a glass of water and an ice cube for each For the best experiments, only one thing should change! Here, we are changing the type of liquid we use but keeping the ice cube, the temperature, and measurements of the liquid the same. If too many factors change at once, you cannot accurately state what the results are The liquids should be roughly the same temperature (as close as possible) and measured to the same amount, so we left them out to come to room temperature This could also be tested right out of the fridge! Set up a stopwatch or set a time limit to observe the changes! 5. RECORD AND ANALYZE THE RESULTS Make sure to record what is happening as well as the results. Note changes at specific time intervals or after one set time interval. When each ice cube is completely melted, add drawings if you wish at the end results. Was your prediction accurate? If it is not accurate, state the reason/s. 6. DRAW CONCLUSIONS This is the opportunity to talk about your hypothesis, your experiment, your results, and your conclusion which is the final answer to your problem or experiment

Parental Note: This experiment is geared towards ages 10 and up to be completed independently. The project may require some support to gather materials, keep time, and complete the data chart. The experiment can be completed by younger children (ages 7 and up), but parental/adult support is suggested for all steps.

Additional Note: This experiment will take roughly 4 hours to complete; this calculation takes into consideration both setup time and the time needed to collect and analyze data.

Experiment Overview:

Ice forms when water freezes. Pure distilled water has a melting/freezing point of 0°C (32°F). At this temperature, water molecules in an ice cube will melt and then freeze again at a constant rate, which keeps the ice cube in a stable solid state. On a hot summer day, have you ever noticed that the ice cubes in a glass of water or lemonade melt into a liquid extra fast? That is because the heat from the sun causes water in the ice to turn from solid to liquid.

Temperature is not the only thing that affects how a liquid melts and freezes. Many of the water bodies on our planet contain different types of dissolved substances; for example, the oceans contain a lot of dissolved salts. A substance that dissolves in water is called a soluble substance or solute. When water contains solutes, such as salt, it becomes a chemical solution. In a solution, there is a solute (salt in this case) that gets dissolved in a solvent (water in this case). When certain solutes are mixed with water/ice, they lower the melting/freezing point below 0°C. This makes the ice melt at a lower (colder) temperature than normal and means that water needs to be colder than 0°C to turn from a liquid back into a solid. In this science activity, you’ll investigate how several soluble substances (salt, sugar, and flour) affect water’s freezing point.

Before beginning, think about the following questions and write down your predictions: