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Emerging coronaviruses have dramatically influenced human health. From the initial epidemic of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), to sporadic outbreaks of Middle-East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), to the pandemic of COVID-19, diseases caused by emerging coronaviruses have caused significant global morbidity and mortality. In order to prevent further pandemics, it is crucial to understand the evolution and ecology of coronaviruses, particularly how these factors relate to human health. While researchers have traced the origins and evolutionary dynamics of SARS-CoV-1, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2, many questions remained unanswered. It is our hope that teams of scientists, public health experts, veterinarians, and clinicians can help us better understand how the ecology and evolution of coronaviruses influence factors such as disease susceptibility and transmission. Such interdisciplinary One Health or Planetary Health models are needed to be able to predict and respond to emerging pathogens, of which coronaviruses pose a major threat.
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