Explanation:
A hypothesis states a presumed relationship between two variables in a way that can be tested with empirical data. It may take the form of a cause-effect statement, or an "if x,...then y" statement. The cause is called the independent variable; and the effect is called the dependent variable.
Null Hypothesis Examples
A null hypothesis, denoted by H0, proposes that two factors or groups are unrelated and that there is no difference between certain characteristics of a population or process.
Independent and dependent variables
The independent variable is the cause. Its value is independent of other variables in your study.
The dependent variable is the effect. Its value depends on changes in the independent variable
