Answer:
A simple calculating machine is an ABACUS. A calculating machine was anything but simple. The 14,000 vacuum tubes used by the first electronic device in Bletchley Park was not simple device. Go to the foundation of computers. The transistor ( or semiconductor) was discovered in1948 and used in radios instead of vacuum tubes, saving a great deal of power. Later it was discovered that placing a number of them together on a mounting board (called a chip) had many uses. Computers came on this road, although much later when many thousands of transistors were mounted on a chip. Today there are BILLIONS on a chip.
