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This chapter examines the history and effectiveness of efforts to prevent and reduce tobacco use among young people, with an emphasis on those under 18 years of age. The first section provides background on changes in prevention strategies since the 1994 Surgeon General’s report on preventing tobacco use among young people (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services [USDHHS] 1994), including summaries of scientific evidence on strategies to reduce youth smoking, the theories underlying prevention efforts, various approaches to prevention, and the criteria for judging the evidence of the effectiveness of prevention strategies. The remaining sections, which review the