Before one considers units of measure in physical activity assessment, assessment options/tools, their inherent strengths and weaknesses, and other practical considerations that inform best-practice recommendations, it is necessary to define key concepts, starting with the definition of physical activity. The most popular and widely cited definition of physical activity was published by Caspersen and colleagues in 1985.20Physical activity was defined as “any bodily movements produced by skeletal muscles that result in energy expenditure.” This term is commonly used as an abbreviation for health-enhancing physical activity. Other iterations of this definition have been proposed and used; however, most are a derivation of the definition by Caspersen et al.20
Physical activity can either be classified as structured or incidental. Structured physical activity or exercise is planned, purposeful activity undertaken to promote health and fitness benefits.20 Incidental physical activity is not planned and usually is the result of daily activities at work, at home, or during transport.
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