Explanation:
The most globally used bacterial vaccines are those included in the national childhood vaccination programs. Currently, mainly two of the vaccines included target bacterial pathogens that also pose antibiotic resistance problems, namely Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococci).
Microorganisms, animal cells as well as transgenic plants and animals can be the source of recombinant vaccines. Each of these systems that are all getting improved has advantages and limits. Adjuvants must generally be added to the recombinant proteins to enhance their vaccinating capacity.
A. Bacillus thuringiensis
Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a species of bacteria that lives in soil. It makes proteins that are toxic to some insects when eaten, but not others. The proteins are not toxic to humans because, like all mammals, we cannot activate them. Bt is not toxic to non-target wildlife.
B. Pseudomonas fluorescens
Pseudomonas fluorescens is a common Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium. It belongs to the Pseudomonas genus; 16S rRNA analysis as well as phylogenomic analysis has placed P. fluorescens in the P. fluorescens group within the genus, to which it lends its name.
C. Pseudomonas syringae
Pseudomonas syringae is a rod-shaped, Gram-negative bacterium with polar flagella. As a plant pathogen, it can infect a wide range of species, and exists as over 50 different pathovars, all of which are available to researchers from international culture collections such as the NCPPB, ICMP, and others.
D. Agrobacteriu tumefacience
Agrobacterium tumefaciens (recently reclassified as Rhizobium radiobacter) is a plant pathogenic bacterium that contains a plasmid, the tumor-inducing or Ti plasmid, a segment of which, called T-DNA, integrates into the host plant chromosomes causing a cancerous proliferation of the stem tissue often around the junction of the root and shoot (crown gall).
