Kemalism is a national ideology of modernization, and as such it continues to be the most favored ideology of the Turkish political elite and intelligents
Pan-Arabism an ideology that espouses the unification of the countries of North Africa and Western Asia from the Atlantic Ocean to the Arabian Sea, which is referred to as the Arab world
Zionism is a nationalist, political ideology that called for the creation of a Jewish state, and now supports the continued existence of Israel
Satyagraha is a pressure for social and political reform through friendly passive resistance practiced by M. K. Gandhi and his followers in India.
