Pre-Test: What I Know Choose the letter of the correct answer and write the answers on a separate sheet of paper from one object to another due to a difference in 1. Heat is the transfer of temperature a. energy b. force c. time d. velocity 2. Which of the following is a unit of measurement for heat? a. BTU c. Joule b. calorie d. All of the above 3. When you touch piece of ice with your finger, energy flows a. from your finger to the ice b. from the ice to the fingers d. energy does not flow c. both ways 4. It refers to the relative hotness or coldness of an object. a. energy c. temperature b. heat d. thermometer 1

We learned in the previous section that temperature is proportional to the average kinetic energy of atoms and molecules in a substance, and that the average internal kinetic energy of a substance is higher when the substance’s temperature is higher.

If two objects at different temperatures are brought in contact with each other, energy is transferred from the hotter object (that is, the object with the greater temperature) to the colder (lower temperature) object, until both objects are at the same temperature. There is no net heat transfer once the temperatures are equal because the amount of heat transferred from one object to the other is the same as the amount of heat returned. One of the major effects of heat transfer is temperature change: Heating increases the temperature while cooling decreases it. Experiments show that the heat transferred to or from a substance depends on three factors—the change in the substance’s temperature, the mass of the substance, and certain physical properties related to the phase of the substance.

The equation for heat transfer Q is

Q = mcΔT,

Explanation:

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