Learning Task 1: Decide whether each of the listening strategies below should
categorized as top-down or bottom-up strategies. Write your answers in your
notebook.
1. taking down notes
2. listening for specific details
3. identifying the speaker
4. summarizing
5. drawing inferences
6. recognizing cognates
7. recognizing divisions between words
8. listening for the main idea
9. recognizing word-order patterns
10. making predictions​​