Learning Task 1: Decide whether each of the listening strategies below should be categorized as TOP-DOWN or BOTTOM-UP strategies.
___1. Taking down notes ___2. Listening for specific details ___3. Identifying the speaker ___4. Summarizing ___5. Drawing references ___6. Recognizing cognates ___7. Recognizing divisions between words ___8. Listening for the main idea ___9. Recognizing word-order patterns ___10. Making predictions